Tinnitus is one of the most frequent and challenging complaints encountered in daily otorhinolaryngology practice. Although commonly perceived as a subjective symptom without a definitive cure, tinnitus represents a heterogeneous condition with multiple etiological pathways, variable clinical presentations, and markedly different therapeutic implications. The otorhinolaryngologist plays a central role in identifying treatable causes, guiding appropriate diagnostic work-up, and implementing realistic, individualized management strategies.

This Instruction Course is designed to provide a structured, step-by-step clinical approach to tinnitus from the perspective of the ENT specialist. The course emphasizes practical diagnostic algorithms, differentiation between tinnitus as a symptom and tinnitus as a disorder, and recognition of distinct tinnitus phenotypes, including cochlear, somatosensory, vascular, and central forms. Evidence-based principles of audiological assessment, imaging indications, and multidisciplinary collaboration are integrated within an otology-focused framework.

Therapeutic strategies discussed in this course include etiological treatment when available, sound-based interventions, hearing rehabilitation, counseling principles applicable in ENT practice, and the rational use of pharmacological options. Particular attention is given to avoiding ineffective or unnecessary therapies and to improving physician–patient communication in order to reduce distress and enhance treatment adherence.

Upon completion of this course, participants will be able to apply a systematic diagnostic pathway for tinnitus patients, identify cases requiring further investigation or referral, formulate personalized treatment plans based on tinnitus phenotype, and communicate realistic expectations to patients.