The larynx is a highly integrated organ in which breathing, airway protection, swallowing, and phonation depend on shared anatomical structures, neuromuscular mechanisms, and sensory pathways. Nevertheless, these functions are frequently evaluated and treated separately in clinical practice.

The “Understanding Larynx” panel will present an integrated anatomical, physiological, and clinical perspective on laryngeal function. The session will begin by examining the paraglottic space, addressing common anatomical misconceptions and their implications for diagnosis, disease spread, and surgical decision-making. It will then explore the protective larynx, with particular emphasis on laryngeal sensation, swallowing, airway closure, and aspiration prevention. The final contribution will focus on the mechanisms of phonation and voice production, including vocal-fold vibration, glottic and supraglottic behaviour, aerodynamic–acoustic interaction, and the clinical interpretation of compensatory phonatory patterns.

Rather than considering breathing, swallowing, airway protection, and voice as independent functions, the panel will highlight their interdependence. Particular attention will be given to situations in which disease or therapeutic intervention intended to improve one function may alter another.

Through expert presentations, clinical examples, endoscopic findings, and an interactive discussion, participants will develop a more comprehensive approach to laryngeal assessment and treatment.

Following the session, participants should be able to:

• explain the functional and clinical significance of the paraglottic space;

• identify sensory and endoscopic findings associated with impaired laryngeal protection;

• describe the principal physiological mechanisms underlying phonation;

• recognize the interaction between airway, swallowing, and voice functions;

• incorporate multidimensional functional assessment into clinical decision-making.