Background, Description, and ObjectivesSecond branchial arch cysts are the most common congenital cystic lesions of the lateral neck. They arise from incomplete obliteration of the second branchial cleft during embryological development and usually present as painless lateral cervical swellings. Differential diagnosis may be challenging, particularly in adults, where cystic metastatic lymph nodes should always be excluded. Complete surgical excision remains the definitive treatment and requires detailed knowledge of cervical anatomy to avoid injury to adjacent neurovascular structures and to prevent recurrence.

This instructional course will review the embryology, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics, differential diagnosis, and surgical anatomy of second branchial arch cysts. Surgical techniques, operative tips, potential complications, and postoperative outcomes will be discussed through a case-based approach.

The objectives are to improve diagnostic accuracy, optimize surgical planning, enhance operative safety, and reduce recurrence and complications.