This presentation will explore the comprehensive clinical management of hemangiomas within the scope of otorhinolaryngology, based on extensive experience from a regional reference center in Malatya, Türkiye. Hemangiomas, the most common benign vascular tumors in infancy, pose both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges, particularly when located in critical areas such as the periorbital region, larynx, lips, or subglottic space.

The lecture will cover distinguishing true hemangiomas from vascular malformations and other mimicking lesions such as pyogenic granulomas and teratomas. Special attention will be paid to the natural course of hemangiomas — proliferation, involution, and sequelae phases — with emphasis on early intervention to prevent cosmetic and functional complications.

The presentation will detail the evolving role of propranolol in infantile hemangiomas since its serendipitous discovery as a first-line therapy in 2009. Clinical protocols, safety monitoring, and outcome measures will be discussed, alongside surgical options for propranolol-resistant cases such as ulcerated, rapidly growing, or airway-threatening hemangiomas. Illustrative pediatric and adults case reports will highlight multidisciplinary decision-making in high-risk scenarios.

Through these clinical examples, participants will gain insight into real-world applications of current guidelines, practical risk-benefit assessments, and tailored treatment strategies.